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NUR274 Topics in Nursing: Evaluate

Is it C.L.E.A.R.?  A Guide to Source Evaluation

Use this acronym and tool to help you evaluate information you encounter using specific questions related to each concept. Then, make a decision on whether or not you are satisfied with the answers. If you are unsure, please Ask a Librarian for assistance.

Click on each word below to see a definition and questions to ask.

Credibility refers to the reliability and trustworthiness of the source from which the information is obtained. It is essential to consider whether the author or publisher of the information has the necessary expertise and background to provide accurate and truthful content.

Questions to ask when evaluating credibility:

  1. Who is the author?

    • What are their qualifications and expertise in the subject matter?
    • Do they have a history of publishing reliable and accurate information?

  2. What is the publication?

    • Is it a reputable and well-known publisher or organization?
    • Does the publication have a history of credibility and reliability?

  3. Is the information current?

    • When was the information published or last updated?
    • Is the information still relevant and accurate given recent developments?

  4. What is the methodology?

    • How was the information gathered and analyzed?
    • Are the methods used to collect data and draw conclusions sound and transparent?

  5. What is the purpose of the information?

    • Is the information intended to inform, persuade, entertain, or sell something?
    • Does the purpose affect the objectivity and reliability of the information?

  6. Is there evidence of bias?

    • Does the author or publication have a known bias or agenda?
    • Is the information presented in a balanced and objective manner?

  7. Are there reviews or critiques?

    • Has the information been reviewed or critiqued by other experts in the field?
    • What do other credible sources say about the information?

Language involves the clarity and appropriateness of the language used in the information. An effective piece of information should be presented in a way that is easily understandable by the audience.

Questions to ask when evaluating language:

  1. Is the language clear and concise?

    • Are the main points easy to understand?
    • Is the information free from jargon or technical terms that are not explained?
    • Is the language used neutral, or does it show signs of bias (e.g., emotionally charged words)?

  2. Is the tone appropriate for the audience?

    • Does the language match the level of formality required for the topic?
    • Is the tone respectful and unbiased?
    • Does the tone suggest any bias or attempt to manipulate the audience’s emotions?

  3. Are there any grammatical or spelling errors?

    • Do errors distract from the content or undermine its professionalism?
    • Is the information well-edited and polished?
    • Do errors or inconsistencies suggest a lack of credibility or bias?

Evidence is the supporting data or facts that back up the claims made in the information. It is crucial to look for references, statistics, or case studies that substantiate the content, as this adds to the overall reliability of the information presented.

Questions to ask when evaluating evidence:

  1. What types of evidence are provided?

    • Are there references, statistics, or case studies that support the claims?
    • Is the evidence from credible and reliable sources?
    • Is the evidence selectively presented to support a particular bias?

  2. Is the evidence relevant and sufficient?

    • Does the evidence directly support the main points?
    • Is there enough evidence to substantiate the claims made?
    • Is there any evidence that contradicts the claims, and if so, is it acknowledged?

  3. How is the evidence presented?

    • Is the evidence presented in a clear and logical manner?
    • Are there visual aids (charts, graphs, tables) that help illustrate the points?
    • Are visual aids used in a way that might mislead or bias the audience?

Audience refers to the specific group of people for whom the information is intended. Understanding the target audience can help in evaluating whether the content is suitable and relevant to their needs and interests.

Questions to ask when evaluating audience:

  1. Who is the intended audience?

    • Is the information tailored to a specific group of people?
    • Does the content address the needs and interests of the target audience?
    • Is the information designed to appeal to a particular bias or viewpoint of the audience?

  2. Is the language and style appropriate for the audience?

    • Is the complexity of the language suitable for the audience’s level of understanding?
    • Does the style of presentation engage the audience effectively?
    • Does the style of presentation cater to the biases or preferences of the audience?

  3. Does the information meet the audience’s expectations?

    • Does it provide the depth of information the audience is looking for?
    • Are the audience’s questions and concerns addressed?
    • Is the information presented in a way that reinforces the audience’s existing biases?

Relevance pertains to how closely the information aligns with your specific needs or questions. In evaluating information, it is important to assess whether it contributes meaningfully to your understanding or decision-making process.

Questions to ask when evaluating relevance:

  1. How does the information align with your needs?

    • Does it answer your specific questions or address your concerns?
    • Is it directly related to the topic you are researching or interested in?

  2. Is the information applicable to your context?

    • Can you apply the information to your situation or decision-making process?
    • Is it relevant to the current time and circumstances?
    • Is the relevance of the information affected by any biases?

  3. Does the information add value to your understanding?

    • Does it provide new insights or perspectives?
    • Does it help you make informed decisions or enhance your knowledge?
    • Does the information challenge or reinforce your existing viewpoint?

Credibility Questions

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Language Questions

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Evidence Questions

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Audience Questions

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Relevance Questions

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Credit

Is it Clear: A Guide to Source Evaluation by Drake Memorial Library is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Microsoft Co-Pilot was used as a brainstorming tool to help develop this acronym.